兴隆庄煤矿生态系统服务价值评估

以兖州矿区兴隆庄煤矿为例,基于1990-2018年间的遥感影像数据,从供给、调节、支持和文化4个方面对兴隆庄生态系统服务价值进行测算评估,并分析其动态变化度及敏感性。评估结果表明,总生态服务价值表现为先增加后减少,1990-2010年矿区生态系统服务总价值从18841.5万元增加至29034.2万元,主要原因是采煤塌陷导致耕地向塌陷水体转变以及林地面积的增加;2010-2018年生态总价值减少了2484.8万元,主要在于耕地大规模地转变为建设用地以及区域地下水位下降造成的水域面积减小。敏感性分析显示,耕地和水体是平原矿区生态系统服务价值最敏感的因素,耕地的敏感性指数由1990年的0.79降为2018年的0.28,说明其在生态服务价值中的影响逐年降低。     

榆神矿区煤炭开采的地下水动态演化规律

榆神矿区浅表层水资源短缺,生态脆弱,在划分主采煤层上覆含、隔水层组合类型的基础上,采用Visual Modflow软件构建煤层开采的地下水流数值模型,研究地下水流场演化规律,统计区内地下水位观测网(56个水文观测孔)近3年的有效观测数据,掌握首采煤层开采地下水位动态变化。结果表明:2020年第四系萨拉乌苏组潜水流场与2005年统测地下水流场形态基本一致,地下水位降深值在西南部达10 m;近3年的地下水位未发生明显变化,仅YS22钻孔处受村民井取水引起水位下降。研究成果对榆神矿区地下水资源保护与利用具有重要的指导意义。     

How to choose endothermic process for thermochemical waste-heat recuperation?

The thermochemical waste-heat recuperation (TCR) systems by steam reforming of various hydrocarbon fuels are considered. A method for determining the TCR systems efficiency is proposed. The methodology is based on the determination of the heat recuperation rate and heat transformation coefficient. TCR due to steam reforming of methanol, ethanol, glycerol, propane, and methane was analyzed. To obtain the initial data for energy analysis of TCR systems, the thermodynamic analysis was performed. With the help of Aspen HYSYS was determined the synthesis gas composition and reaction enthalpy for all investigated variants. The investigation was performed for a wide temperature range from 400 to 1200 K, for the steam-to-fuel ratio of 1, and pressures of 1 bar. It was established that TCR due to the steam reforming of ethanol, glycerol, and propane in the temperature range above 800 K, it is possible to achieve complete recuperation of the exhaust after the furnace. As a results of investigation, the practical recommendations were given for choosing endothermic reaction for the thermochemical waste-heat recuperation systems: in the temperature range up to 600 K for TCR it is necessary to choose a methanol steam reforming reaction; in the temperature range from 600 to 1000 K - the reaction of steam reforming of ethanol and glycerol; in the temperature range above 1000 K - the reaction of steam reforming propane and methane.     

Balancing the specific surface area and mass diffusion property of electrospun carbon fibers to enhance the cell performance of vanadium redox flow battery

Electrospun carbon fibers are featured with abundant electroactive sites but large mass transport resistances as the electrodes for vanadium redox flow battery. To lower mass transport resistances while maintaining large specific areas, electrospun carbon fibers with different structural properties, including pore size and pore distribution, are prepared by varying precursor concentrations. Increasing the polyacrylonitrile concentration from 9 wt% to 18 wt% results in carbonized fibers with an average fiber diameter ranging from 0.28 μm to 1.82 μm. The median pore diameter, in the meantime, almost linearly increases from 1.32 μm to 9.05 μm while maintaining the porosity of higher than 82%. The subsequent electroactivity evaluation and full battery testing demonstrate that the mass transport of vanadium ions through the electrode with larger fiber diameters are significantly improved but not scarifying the electrochemical activity. It is shown that the flow battery with these electrodes obtains an energy efficiency of 79% and electrolyte utilization of 74% at 300 mA cm⁻². Hence, all these results eliminate the concern of mass transport when applying electrospun carbon fibers as the electrodes for redox flow batteries and guide the future development of electrospun carbon fibers.     

The effect of barium titanate ceramic loading on the stress relaxation behavior of barium titanate-silicone elastomer composites

The stress relaxation behavior of barium titanate (BTO)-elastomer (Ecoflex) composites, as used in large strain sensors, is studied using the generalized Maxwell-Wiechert model. In this article, we examine the stress relaxation behavior of ceramic polymer composites by conducting stress relaxation tests on samples prepared with varying the particle loading by 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% of 100 and 200 nm BTO ceramic particles embedded in a Ecoflex silicone-based hyperelastic elastomer. The influence of BTO on the Maxwell-Wiechert model parameters was studied through the stress relaxation results. While a pristine Ecoflex silicone elastomer is predominantly a hyperelastic material, the addition of BTO made the composite behave as a visco-hyperelastic material. However, this behavior was shown to have a negligible effect on the electrical sensing performance of the large strain sensor.     

几种多态含能材料构型转变的DFT研究

为了从分子层面上对含能材料不同分子构型间的转变情况有一个直观认识,借助Gaussian 09软件,运用密度泛函理论(DFT),采用TS算法搜寻β-RDX→α-RDX、γ-HMX→β-HMX、ε-CL-20→β-CL-20及β-FOX-7→α-FOX-7在分子构型转变过程中的过渡态结构,确定了它们的构型转变过程;并通过计算吉布斯自由能随构型转变路径的变化,比较多态含能材料分子构型转变的难易程度。结果表明,由亚稳晶型到稳定晶型的转变首先会越过过渡态,克服自由能能垒转变为亚稳态结构,实现β-RDX→α-RDX、γ-HMX→β-HMX、ε-CL-20→β-CL-20及β-FOX-7→α-FOX-7分子构型转变分别需要克服的自由能能垒分别为5.25、22.21、9.69和10.24kJ/mol。因此,常温常压下β-RDX→α-RDX、γ-HMX→β-HMX、ε-CL-20→β-CL-20及β-FOX-7→α-FOX-7构型转变的难度大小排序为:HMX>>FOX-7>CL-20>RDX。     

基于SARIMA-GRNN-SVM的短期商业电力负荷组合预测方法

针对短期商业电力负荷预测准确性与周期难以满足现有电力现货市场的问题,提出了一种基于SARIMAGRNN-SVM(seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average-generalized regression neural network-support vector machine)的商业电力负荷组合预测模型。首先,对商业电力负荷变化的周期规律与随机因素的复杂影响进行了分析;然后,结合以上分析,选用SARIMA和GRNN为单一预测模型对商业电力负荷进行预测,并利用SVM进行组合,实现日前商业电力负荷预测;最后,通过某商业综合体的电力负荷数据进行验证。所提组合预测模型较单一预测模型拥有更优的预测精度与鲁棒性,可以为短期商业电力负荷预测提供借鉴。     

Novel method of constructing generalized Hoberman sphere mechanisms based on deployment axes

This study proposes a method of constructing type II generalized angulated elements (GAEs II) Hoberman sphere mechanisms on the basis of deployment axes that intersect at one point. First, the constraint conditions for inserting n GAEs II into n deployment axes to form a loop are given. The angle constraint conditions of the deployment axes are obtained through a series of linear equations. Second, the connection conditions of two GAEs II loops that share a common deployable center are discussed. Third, a flowchart of constructing the generalized Hoberman sphere mechanism on the basis of deployment axes is provided. Finally, four generalized Hoberman sphere mechanisms based on a fully enclosed regular hexahedron, arithmetic sequence axes, orthonormal arithmetic sequence axes, and spiral-like axes are constructed in accordance with the given arrangement of deployment axes that satisfy the constraint conditions to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.     

Strain properties of (1-x)Bi0.5Na0.4K0.1TiO3-xBi(Mg2/3Ta1/3)O3 electroceramics

A ternary solid solution of Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃–Bi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃–Bi(Mg_2/3Ta_1/3)O₃ (BNKT-xBMT) lead-free electroceramics was synthesized by a solid-state reactive sintering technique. The electrostrain, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties as well as the impedance characteristics and the microstructure were systematically assessed. With the increase of BMT, the BNKT-xBMT ceramics gradually transformed from non-ergodic relaxor phase to ergodic relaxor phase, manifested as the ferroelectric-to-relaxor temperature (T_F-R) shifts towards below room temperature. Additionally, the ferroelectric hysteresis curves became pinched, and the strain curve changed from butterfly-shaped into sprout-shaped. At the ergodic relaxor composition of x = 0.04, a large electrostrain value (S = 0.4%; under an electric field of 60 kV/cm, d₃₃* = 632 pm/V) was achieved, which is mainly attributed to the electric-field-induced transition from the ergodic relaxor phase to the ferroelectric phase.